1974 In Aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1974:

Events

* Japan creates its Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission, responsible for investigation aviation accidents in Japan.
* Spring 1974 – Under an international agreement to clear the Suez Canal of naval mines in the wake of the Yom Kippur War, United States Navy RH-53D Sea Stallion minesweeping helicopters of Helicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron 12 (HM-12) operating from the amphibious assault ships and use Mark 105 hydrofoil minesweeping sleds to sweep 120 square miles of water between Port Said and Suez, Egypt, in Operation Nimbus Star.

January

* January 1
**Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar sign the Foundation Treaty, which gives each state a 25 percent ownership stake in Gulf Aviation. Gulf Aviation becomes a holding company, and its airline flight operations are transferred to a new airline branded as Gulf Air, which becomes the flag carrier of the four states.
**Itavia Flight 897, a Fokker F28 Fellowship 1000 (registration I-TIDE) on final approach to Turin Airport in Turin, Italy, in fog and poor weather, strikes a tree and a building under construction, loses its tail and wings, and crashes inverted into a farm building, killing 38 of the 42 people on board.
* January 3 – A hijacker aboard an Air Jamaica Douglas DC-9-32 bound from Kingston, Jamaica, to Detroit, Michigan, demands to be flown to Miami, Florida. The hijacker is disarmed and arrested at Kingston.
* January 6
**Diverted from Uzhgorod International Airport in Uzhgorod in the Soviet Union's Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, an Aeroflot Antonov An-24B (registration CCCP-46357) descends through clouds in icing conditions with its de-icing system switched off while on approach to the military air base at Mukachevo. Icing of its control surface causes it to go out of control, and it crashes short of the runway and burns out, killing all 24 people on board.
** Air East Flight 317, a Beechcraft Model 99A (registration N125AE) on final approach to Johnstown–Cambria County Airport in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, strikes an Instrument Landing System tower and crashes short of the runway, killing 12 of the 17 people on board.
* January 9 – A SATENA Hawker Siddeley HS 748 260 Series 2A (registration FAC-1103) crashes into Gabinete Peak in the Andes, 50 kilometers (31.3 miles) northwest of Florencia, Colombia, killing all 31 people on board.
* January 10 – A TAM Douglas DC-4 (registration TAM-52) disappears during a domestic flight in Bolivia from Santa Rosa to La Paz with the loss of all 24 people on board.Aviation Safety Network Accident Description
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* January 13 – Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) opens in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas; in accordance with agreements establishing the new regional airport, all commercial carriers except Southwest Airlines vacate Dallas Love Field and move to DFW, while nearby Greater Southwest International Airport in Fort Worth is permanently closed.
* January 17 – A Cessnyca Douglas DC-3A-191 (registration HK-1216) goes out of control at its cruising altitude of 11,500 feet (3,505 meters) and crashes inverted near Chigorodó, Colombia, killing all 12 people on board.
* January 21 – A male passenger hijacks an Aeropesca Colombia Vickers 745D Viscount with 52 people on board shortly after it takes off from Pasto, Colombia, for a domestic flight to Popayán, demanding to be flown to Cuba. The airliner makes two refueling stops in Colombia – at Cali and Baranquilla – before proceeding to Havana, Cuba.
* January 24 – A Togolese Air Force Douglas C-47 Skytrain carrying several notable political figures including President of Togo Gnassingbé Eyadéma crashes at an isolated location near the village of Sarakawa in northern Togo. Eyadéma survives, but the French pilot and three passengers die.
* January 26 – The Turkish Airlines Fokker F28-1000 Fellowship ''Van'' stalls shortly after takeoff from Izmir Cumaovası Airport in Izmir, Turkey, crashes, and catches fire, killing 66 of the 73 people on board.
* January 30 – The Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321B ''Clipper Radiant'', operating as Flight 806, crashes during a heavy rainstorm on approach to Pago Pago International Airport in Pago Pago, American Samoa, killing 97 of the 101 people on board and injuring all four survivors.

February

* February 9 – After a United States Air Force T-39A Sabreliner reports landing gear problems while taking off from Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado, a U.S. Air Force Boeing NKC-135 flying from Seattle, to Albuquerque, New Mexico, with a cargo of equipment for observing Comet Kohoutek meets it to conduct an airborne visual inspection of its landing gear at an altitude of 23,000 feet (7,010 meters). The T-39 strikes the NKC-135's tail and crashes near Colorado Springs, killing all seven people aboard. The NKC-135 suffers only minor damage and lands safely at Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque.
* February 17 – Upset at failing in helicopter training and wanting to show his piloting skills, United States Army Private First Class Robert K. Preston steals a U.S. Army UH-1 Iroquois helicopter at Fort Meade, Maryland, and hovers it over the White House in Washington, D.C. before landing on the White Houses South Lawn. He later takes off, is pursued by two Maryland State Police helicopters, uses maneuvering to force one of them down, then returns to the White House, where police gunfire induces him to land and surrender.
* February 20 – A hijacker threatens to detonate a bomb aboard an Air Vietnam Douglas C-54A-5-DO Skymaster (registration XV-NUM) carrying 51 other people during a flight in South Vietnam from Qui Nhơn to Da Nang, ordering it to divert to Đồng Hới, North Vietnam. The pilot tells him that the airliner must stop at Đông Hà, North Vietnam, before continuing to Đồng Hới, but instead lands the plane at Huế Airport in Huế, South Vietnam. Realizing after the plane lands that he has been tricked, the hijacker detonates his bomb, blowing a 2-by-3-meter (6.5-by-10-foot) hole in the left side of the fuselage, breaking three windows on the right side, and killing three people on the plane.
* February 22
**Samuel Byck attempts to hijack Delta Air Lines Flight 523, a Douglas DC-9, before it leaves the gate at Baltimore-Washington International Airport, with a goal of crashing it into the White House in Washington, D.C. to assassinate U.S. President Richard Nixon. He kills two people and wounds a third before himself being killed, all without the plane ever leaving the gate.
**U.S. Navy Lieutenant, junior grade, Barbara Ann Allen is designated a naval aviator, becoming the first female aviator in the United States Armed Forces.

March

* March 3
**The Turkish Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 ''Ankara'', operating as Flight 981, crashes into the Ermenonville Forest and the commune of Fontaine-Chaalis, France, after a cargo door blows off, causing damage which cuts control cables. All 346 people on board die. At the time, it is the worst aviation disaster in history, and it remains the deadliest aviation accident in France, the deadliest DC-10 accident, and the deadliest single-plane crash with no survivors.
** Over Rhodes, two men hijack a British Overseas Airway Corporation (BOAC) Vickers VC-10 (registration G-ASGO) with 110 other people on board as it flies from Beirut, Lebanon, to London. The airliner diverts to Schiphol Airport outside Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where they release the passengers and crew, throw inflammable liquids around the cabin, and set the plane on fire. Security forces apprehend them as they flee the plane.
* March 8 – A Pathet Lao Airlines Antonov An-24 carrying 15 journalists covering a tour by Algeria's Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand crashes on approach to Hanoi, North Vietnam, killing all 18 people on board.
* March 12 – A hijacker demands ransom money aboard a Japan Air Lines Boeing 747 with 425 people on board as it makes a domestic flight in Japan from Tokyo to Naha, Okinawa. After the airliner arrives at Okinawa's Naha Airport Flight 802, a Convair CV-440 (registration N4819C) chartered by Wolper Productions, crashes in darkness into a foothill of the White Mountains 8.3 kilometers (5.2 miles) southeast of Bishop Airport in Bishop, California, shortly after takeoff from the airport, killing all 36 people on board. Among the dead are 31 cast and crew members of the television series ''Primal Man'', including stunt performer Janos Prohaska. A segment the crew had filmed in the Sierra Nevada was recovered from the wreckage and broadcast in ''Primal Man''.
* March 15 – The right landing gear of a Sterling Airways Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle 10B3 collapses while it is taxiing at Mehrabad Airport in Tehran, Iran. The airliner slides 90 meters (295 feet) before becoming to rest and its right wing fuel tank ruptures, starting a fire that kills 15 of the 96 people on board.
* March 20 – Two men hijack an East African Airways Fokker F27 Friendship with 33 people on board during a domestic flight in Kenya from Nairobi to Malindi, demanding to be flown to Libya. The airliner diverts to Entebbe, Uganda, where the hijackers surrender.
* March 30 – A young man with a gun and two hostages tries to hijack an empty National Airlines Boeing 727 at Sarasota–Bradenton International Airport in Sarasota County, Florida. He flees after a flight engineer disarms him and the authorities later apprehend him.
* March 31 – British Airways commences operations after BOAC and BEA merge to create the new airline.

April

* April 2 – The United States Navy retires its last Douglas C-54 Skymaster. Entering service on March 24, 1945, the C-54Q, Bureau number 56501, had flown 2,500,000 nautical miles (4,629,630 km) in almost 15,000 hours of flight time.
* April 4 – Using aviation gasoline contaminated by jet fuel, the engines of a Wenela Air Services Douglas DC-4 (registration A2-ZER) begin overheating as soon as it takes off from Francistown Airport in Francistown, Botswana. The airliner attempts to return to the airport but crash-lands 3.6 kilometers (2.2 miles) short of the runway, strikes some trees, and bursts into flame. The crash and fire kill 78 of the 84 people on board.
* April 18 – During its takeoff roll at London Luton Airport in London, England, Court Line Flight 95, a BAC One-Eleven 518 carrying 91 people, collides with a McAlpine Aviation Piper PA-23 Aztec which has entered the runway without permission. The collision destroys the Aztec, kills its pilot, and injures his passenger, but Flight 95's flight crew manages to abort their takeoff successfully and all aboard the airliner evacuate without injury via evacuation slides.
* April 22 – Flight 812, a Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321B, crashes in mountainous terrain on approach to Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 42.5 nautical miles (78.7 km) northwest of the airport. All 107 people on board die.
* April 27 – An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-18V (registration CCCP-75559) experiences a catastrophic failure of its No. 4 engine two-and-a-half minutes after takeoff from Pulkovo Airport in Leningrad in the Soviet Union's Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. It attempts to return to the airport but rolls inverted and crashes 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) east of the airport, killing all 109 people on board.
* April 30 – Departing Scholes Field in Galveston, Texas in haste because they are 10 minutes late, the crew of a Metro Airlines Beechcraft Model 99 (registration N853SA) fails to give its passengers a safety briefing and mistakenly leaves the trim stabilizer on standby. They lose control of the aircraft as soon as they take off, and the plane crashes and catches fire; the responding fire truck has no foam extinguisher, hampering firefighting efforts. The crash and fire kill six of the 12 people on board.

May

* May 2 – Flying at 11,500 feet (3,505 meters) – 1,000 feet (305 meters) below the minimum safe altitude in the area – an Aerotaxis Ecuatorianos Douglas C-47 Skytrain (registration HC-AUC) crashes 7 kilometers (4.4 miles) south of Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador, after its left wing strikes the stratovolcano Tungurahua and separates from the aircraft. The crash kills 20 of the 25 people on board, and the aircraft's wreckage, at an altitude of 11,200 feet (3,414 meters), is not found until the following day.
* May 10 – Three passengers hijack an Avianca Boeing 727-59 (registration HK-1337) shortly after it takes off from Pereira, Colombia, for a domestic flight to Bogotá. They force the plane to fly to Cali, Colombia, where it spends the night on the tarmac with the hijackers demanding a ransom of 20 million Colombian pesos. As a result of negotiations, they agree to have the plane fly to Bogotá, where they are to receive the money and transportation to Leticia, Colombia, on the border with Brazil. The plane arrives at Bogotá on the morning of May 11, where police officers disguised as mechanics surround the airliner. The hijackers agree to a change of cockpit crews, and when the relief crew boards, the flight engineer attempts to overpower a hijacker holding a stewardess at gunpoint at the rear of the cabin. During the struggle, the stewardess is shot in the leg. A police officer dressed as a mechanic shoots the hijacker to death, and the crew and police then overpower the two surviving hijackers.
* May 23 – An Aeroflot Yakovlev Yak-40 (registration CCCP-87579) crashes on approach to Zhulhyany Airport in Kyiv in the Soviet Union's Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, killing all 29 people on board. Investigators blame the crash on incapacitation of the airliner's crew by carbon monoxide.Aviation Safety Network Accident Description
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June

* June 4 – Construction of OV-101, the first Space Shuttle, begins. It later will be named ''Enterprise''.
* June 8 – As Aerolíneas TAO Flight 514, a Vickers 785D Viscount (registration HK-1058), descends through 7,000 feet (2,134 meters) on approach to Camilo Daza International Airport at Cúcuta, Colombia, its left tailplane and elevator separate from it due to a metal fatigue fracture. The airliner crashes on Cerro El Retiro, 16 kilometers (10 miles) west of the airport, killing all 44 people on board.
* June 11 – Northrop YF-17A ''72-01569'' becomes the first American fighter aircraft to break the sound barrier in level flight when not in afterburner.
* June 27 – The No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 engines of a Cambodia Air Commercial Boeing 307 Stratoliner (registration XW-TFR) fail in succession three minutes after takeoff from Battambang Airport in Battambang, Cambodia. The airliner crash-lands in a rice field, losing its right wing when the wing strikes a tree just before touchdown, then slides to a stop, catching fire. The crash kills 19 of the 39 people on board.

July

* Cuts in American military aid to South Vietnam force austerity measures there, including the storage of 200 Republic of Vietnam Air Force aircraft and the reduction of helicopter lift capacity by 70 percent; shortages, of fuel, ammunition, and spare parts also begin to plague South Vietnamese aviation of all types.
* July 10 – An EgyptAir Tupolev Tu-154 (registration SU-AXO) on a training flight with four Soviet instructors and two EgyptAir pilots aboard crashes near Cairo International Airport in Cairo, Egypt, killing all on board.
* July 15
** A hijacker commandeers a Japan Air Lines Douglas DC-8 during a domestic flight in Japan from Osaka to Tokyo.
**A military ''coup d'état'' by the Cypriot National Guard and the military ''junta'' of Greece that ousts Cypriot President Makarios III prompts the closure of the only commercial airport on Cyprus, Nicosia International Airport.
* July 17 – Greek troops arrive from Greece by air at Nicosia International Airport to support the ''coup d'état'' on Cyprus.
* July 18 – Nicosia International Airport reopens to commercial traffic. A chaotic scene ensures there over the next two days as foreign nationals attempt to leave Cyprus.
* July 20
**The Turkish Air Force supports Operation Atilla, a Turkish invasion of Cyprus, as a war over the island between Turkey and Greece and the Greek Cypriots breaks out. Turkish aircraft join with Turkish Navy ships in sinking a Greek Cypriot torpedo boat which attempts to attack the approaching Turkish naval flotilla, and Turkish aircraft support the amphibious landing.
**Greek antiaircraft fire shoots down a Turkish Army Dornier Do 28B Skyservant conducting a clandestine mission over Cyprus, killing all on board.
**The Turkish Air Force bombs Cyprus's only civilian airport, Nicosia International Airport, forcing it to close to commercial traffic permanently. The closure catches all five of Cyprus Airways' airliners – four Hawker Siddeley Tridents and a BAC One-Eleven – on the ground at the airport, where two will be destroyed and the rest stranded until 1977; Cyprus Airways does not resume flight operations until February 1975.
* July 21
**28 Turkish Air Force strike aircraft mistakenly attack the Turkish Navy destroyers ''Kocatepe'', ''Adatepe'', and ''Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'' off Paphos, Cyprus, with 750-lb (340-kg) bombs, sinking ''Kocatepe'' with the loss of 54 lives and damaging the other two ships.
**12 Turkish paratroopers parachute into Cyprus to ambush a convoy carrying the Greek Cypriot commander of the Cypriot Navy, Commander Papayiannis. They wound him in an ambush, but are wiped out by his security detail.
**In Operation Niki, Greeces Hellenic Air Force attempts a covert airlift of a battalion of Greek commandos from Souda, Crete, to Cyprus using 15 Noratlas aircraft. Greek Cypriot antiaircraft artillery mistakenly fires on the planes at Nicosia International Airport, shooting down one with the loss of four crew members and 29 commandos, and damages two others, but some of the commandos arrive successfully to defend the airport.
* July 22
** The United States Navy and United States Marine Corps evacuate 500 people from Cyprus.
** Two Cyprus Airways Hawker Siddeley HS-121 Trident 1E airliners (registration 5B-DAB and 5B-DAE) are destroyed on the ground at Nicosia International Airport during fighting between Greek and Turkish forces. Turkish Air Force rocket fire destroys one of them; the other is damaged beyond economical repair by small arms fire and abandoned.
* July 24 – A 29-year-old male passenger enters the cockpit of an Avianca Boeing 727-24C with 123 people on board shortly after it takes off from Pereira, Colombia, for a domestic flight to Medellín, draws a gun, and demands a US$2 million ransom and the release of a political prisoner. The airliner diverts to Cali, Colombia, and parks at the end of a runway, where police storm it and kill the hijacker. It is the second time the man had hijacked an airliner; in 1969, he had hijacked a plane to Cuba.
* July 28 – A U.S. Air Force SR-71 Blackbird sets two records for non-rocket-powered aircraft, an absolute altitude record of 85,069 feet (25,929 m) and an absolute speed record of 2,193.2 mph (3,531.7 km/hr).
* July 29 – Aeroperú, the flag carrier of Peru, makes its first international flight, a Douglas DC-8 flight from Peru to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

August

* August 6 – Turkish Air Force aircraft support a Turkish offensive at Karavas, Cyprus.
* August 9
**Three Syrian surface-to-air missiles strike Buffalo 461, a Canadian Armed Forces De Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo assigned to the United Nations Emergency Force in support of peacekeeping operations in Syria. The plane crashes near Ad Dimas, Syria, killing all nine people on board.
**A Royal Air Force No. 41 Squadron McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR42 and a Piper Pawnee cropduster aircraft collide over Fordham Fen, Norfolk, England, killing both crew members of the Phantom and the pilot of the Pawnee. It is the first collision between a civil and a military aircraft in the United Kingdom low-flying military training system.
** American musician Bill Chase and all five other people on board die when a Piper PA-30 Twin Comanche crashes in heavy rain on approach to Jackson Municipal Airport in Jackson, Minnesota.
* August 11 – Flying from Bamako, Mali, to Niamey, Niger

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